Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube, but it can also occur in the ovaries, cervix, or abdominal cavity. This condition affects about 1 in 50 pregnancies and poses significant health risks.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy may include abdominal or pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms. These symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions, making diagnosis challenging. In some cases, the ectopic tissue can cause the fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe internal bleeding, which is a medical emergency.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and blood tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options vary depending on the size and location of the ectopic pregnancy and may include medication, such as methotrexate, to stop cell growth, or surgical intervention to remove the ectopic tissue.