Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. It is defined as the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, resulting from a decline in the production of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. This hormonal shift leads to various physical and emotional symptoms.

Common symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances. These changes can affect daily life and overall well-being. Additionally, menopause is associated with increased risks of osteoporosis and heart disease due to the decline in estrogen levels.

The transition to menopause, known as perimenopause, can begin several years before menstruation ceases and may involve irregular periods and fluctuating hormone levels. While menopause is a natural part of aging, women may seek treatment options to manage symptoms, which can include lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and alternative therapies.