Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by a combination of symptoms and hormonal imbalances. It is often marked by irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and obesity. Women with PCOS may also have enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts, which can be seen on ultrasound.
The exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, a condition where the body does not effectively use insulin, is often associated with PCOS and can lead to elevated insulin levels, further exacerbating hormonal imbalances.
PCOS can lead to various long-term health issues, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to assess hormone levels.
Management of PCOS often includes lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, medication to regulate menstrual cycles or manage symptoms, and fertility treatments for those trying to conceive. Early diagnosis and intervention can help mitigate the risks associated with PCOS and improve the quality of life for affected women.
